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package algs11;

import java.util.Arrays;

import stdlib.*;

/**
 * This is a skeleton file for your homework. Edit the sections marked TODO. You
 * may also edit the function "main" to test your code.
 * <p>
 * You must not change the declaration of any method. This will be true of every
 * skeleton file I give you.
 * <p>
 * For example, you will get zero points if you change the line
 * <pre>
 *     public static double minValue (double[] list) {
 * </pre>
 * to something like
 * <pre>
 *     public static void minValue (double[] list) {
 * </pre>
 * or
 * <pre>
 *     public static double minValue (double[] list, int i) {
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Each of the functions below is meant to be SELF CONTAINED. This means that
 * you should use no other functions or classes. You should not use any HashSets
 * or ArrayLists, or anything else! In addition, each of your functions should go
 * through the argument array at most once. The only exception to this
 * removeDuplicates, which is allowed to call numUnique and then go through the
 * array once after that.
 */
public class MyFirstHomeworkFor402 {

    /**
     * minValue returns the minimum value in an array of doubles. You can assume
     * the array is nonempty and has no duplicates. Your solution must go
     * through the array exactly once. Your solution must not call any other
     * functions. Here are some examples (using "==" informally):
     *
     * <pre>
     *   -7  == minValue (new double[] { -7 })
     *    1  == minValue (new double[] { 1, 7, 8, 11 })
     *   -7  == minValue (new double[] { 1, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11 })
     *   -13 == minValue (new double[] { -13, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11 })
     *   -13 == minValue (new double[] { 1, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11, -13 })
     * </pre>
     */
    public static double minValue(double[] list) {
        return StdRandom.uniform(); //TODO: fix this
    }

    /**
     * minPosition returns the position of the minimum value in an array of
     * doubles. The first position in an array is 0 and the last is the
     * array.length-1.
     * <p>
     * You can assume the array is nonempty and has no duplicates. Your solution
     * must go through the array exactly once. Your solution must not call any
     * other functions. Here are some examples (using "==" informally):
     *
     * <pre>
     *   0 == minPosition(new double[] { -7 })
     *   2 == minPosition(new double[] { 1, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11 })
     *   0 == minPosition(new double[] { -13, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11 })
     *   6 == minPosition(new double[] { 1, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11, -9 })
     * </pre>
     */
    public static int minPosition(double[] list) {
        return StdRandom.uniform(100); //TODO: fix this
    }

    /**
     * distanceBetweenMinAndMax returns difference between the minPosition and
     * the maxPosition in an array of doubles.
     * <p>
     * You can assume the array is nonempty and has no duplicates. Your solution
     * must go through the array exactly once. Your solution must not call any
     * other functions. Here are some examples (using "==" informally):
     *
     * <pre>
     *   0 == distanceBetweenMinAndMax(new double[] { -7 })                      // -7,-7 are the min and max
     *   3 == distanceBetweenMinAndMax(new double[] { 1, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11 }),    // -7,11
     *   5 == distanceBetweenMinAndMax(new double[] { -13, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11 })   // -13,11
     *   1 == distanceBetweenMinAndMax(new double[] { 1, -4, -7, 7, 8, 11, -9 }) // -9,11
     * </pre>
     */
    public static int distanceBetweenMinAndMax(double[] list) {
        return StdRandom.uniform(100); //TODO: fix this
    }

    /**
     * allSame returns true if all of the elements in list have the same value.
     * allSame returns false if any two elements in list have different values.
     * The array may be empty and it may contain duplicate values.
     * <p>
     * Your solution should contain at most one loop.  You may not use recursion.
     * Your solution must not call any other functions.
     * Here are some examples (using "==" informally):
     *
     * <pre>
     *     true  == allSame(new double[] { })
     *     true  == allSame(new double[] { 11 })
     *     true  == allSame(new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 11 })
     *     false == allSame(new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 22 })
     *     false == allSame(new double[] { 11, 11, 22, 11 })
     *     true  == allSame(new double[] { 22, 22, 22, 22 })
     * </pre>
     */
    public static boolean allSame(double[] list) {
        return StdRandom.bernoulli(); //TODO: fix this
    }

    /**
     * numUnique returns the number of unique values in an array of doubles.
     * The array may be empty and it may contain duplicate values.
     * Unlike the previous questions, you can assume the array is sorted.
     * <p>
     * Your solution should contain at most one loop.  You may not use recursion.
     * Your solution must not call any other functions.
     * Here are some examples (using "==" informally):
     *
     * <pre>
     *     0 == numUnique(new double[] { })
     *     1 == numUnique(new double[] { 11 })
     *     1 == numUnique(new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 11 })
     *     8 == numUnique(new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 11, 22, 33, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 55, 55, 66, 77, 88, 88 })
     *     8 == numUnique(new double[] { 11, 22, 33, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 55, 55, 66, 77, 88 })
     * </pre>
     */
    public static int numUnique(double[] list) {
        return StdRandom.uniform(100); //TODO: fix this
    }

    /**
     * removeDuplicates returns a new array containing the unique values in the
     * array. There should not be any extra space in the array --- there should
     * be exactly one space for each unique element (Hint: numUnique tells you
     * how big the array should be). You may assume that the list is sorted, as
     * you did for numUnique.
     * <p>
     * Your solution may call numUnique, but should not call any other
     * functions. After the call to numUnique, you must go through the array
     * exactly one more time. Here are some examples (using "==" informally):
     *
     * <pre>
     *   new double[] { }
     *     == removeDuplicates(new double[] { })
     *   new double[] { 11 }
     *     == removeDuplicates(new double[] { 11 })
     *     == removeDuplicates(new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 11 })
     *   new double[] { 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88 }
     *     == removeDuplicates(new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 11, 22, 33, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 55, 55, 66, 77, 88, 88 })
     *     == removeDuplicates(new double[] { 11, 22, 33, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 55, 55, 66, 77, 88 })
     * </pre>
     */
    public static double[] removeDuplicates(double[] list) {
        return null; // TODO: fix this
    }

    /**
     * A test program, using private helper functions.  See below.
     * To make typing tests a little easier, I've written a function to convert strings to arrays.  See below.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // for minValue: array must be nonempty with unique elements
        testMinValue(11, "11");
        testMinValue(-11, "-11");
        testMinValue(9, "9 11 21 31 41");
        testMinValue(9, "11 9 21 31 41");
        testMinValue(9, "11 21 9 31 41");
        testMinValue(9, "11 21 31 9 41");
        testMinValue(9, "11 21 31 41 9");
        testMinValue(-99, "-99 -11 -21 -31 -41");
        testMinValue(-99, "-11 -99 -21 -31 -41");
        testMinValue(-99, "-11 -21 -99 -31 -41");
        testMinValue(-99, "-11 -21 -31 -99 -41");
        testMinValue(-99, "-11 -21 -31 -41 -99");
        testMinValue(-7, "1 -4 -7 7 8 11 9 -5");
        testMinValue(-0.5, "0.2 -0.5 -0.1");

        // for minPosition: array must be nonempty with unique elements
        testMinPosition(0, "11");
        testMinPosition(0, "-11");
        testMinPosition(0, "9 11 21 31 41");
        testMinPosition(1, "11 9 21 31 41");
        testMinPosition(2, "11 21 9 31 41");
        testMinPosition(3, "11 21 31 9 41");
        testMinPosition(4, "11 21 31 41 9");
        testMinPosition(0, "-99 -11 -21 -31 -41");
        testMinPosition(1, "-11 -99 -21 -31 -41");
        testMinPosition(2, "-11 -21 -99 -31 -41");
        testMinPosition(3, "-11 -21 -31 -99 -41");
        testMinPosition(4, "-11 -21 -31 -41 -99");
        testMinPosition(2, "1 -4 -7 7 8 11 9 -5");
        testMinPosition(1, "0.2 -0.5 -0.1");

        // for distanceBetweenMinAndMax: array must be nonempty with unique elements
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(0, "11");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(0, "-11");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(4, "9 11 21 31 41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(3, "11 9 21 31 41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(2, "11 21 9 31 41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(1, "11 21 31 9 41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(1, "11 21 31 41 9");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(4, "9 -11 -21 -31 -41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(3, "-11 9 -21 -31 -41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(2, "-11 -21 9 -31 -41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(1, "-11 -21 -31 9 -41");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(1, "-11 -21 -31 -41 9");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(3, "1 -4 -7 7 8 11 9 -5");
        testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(3, "0.1 -0.4 -0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 -0.5");

        testAllSame(true, "11 11 11 11");
        testAllSame(true, "5 5 5");
        testAllSame(false, "11 5 11 11");
        testAllSame(false, "11 11 5 11");
        testAllSame(false, "11 11 11 5");
        testAllSame(false, "5 11 11 11");
        testAllSame(false, "11 5 5 11 11");
        testAllSame(false, "11 11 5 5 11");
        testAllSame(false, "11 11 5 11 5");
        testAllSame(false, "5 5 11 11 11");
        testAllSame(false, "11 11 11 5 5");
        testAllSame(true, "11");
        testAllSame(true, "2");
        testAllSame(true, "");

        // for numUnique: array must be sorted
        testNumUnique(0, "");
        testNumUnique(1, "11");
        testNumUnique(1, "11 11 11 11");
        testNumUnique(4, "11 21 31 41");
        testNumUnique(4, "11 11 11 21 31 31 31 31 41");
        testNumUnique(4, "11 21 21 21 31 41 41 41 41");
        testNumUnique(4, "11 11 21 21 21 31 31 41 41 41 41");
        testNumUnique(8, "11 11 11 11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71 81 81");
        testNumUnique(8, "11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71 81");
        testNumUnique(7, "11 11 11 11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71");
        testNumUnique(7, "11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71");
        testNumUnique(8, "-81 -81 -81 -81 -71 -61 -51 -51 -51 -51 -41 -41 -31 -21 -11 -11 -11");

        // for removeDuplicates: array must be sorted
        testRemoveDuplicates("", "");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11", "11");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11", "11 11 11 11");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41", "11 21 31 41");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41", "11 11 11 21 31 31 31 31 41");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41", "11 21 21 21 31 41 41 41 41");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41", "11 11 21 21 21 31 31 41 41 41 41");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81", "11 11 11 11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71 81 81");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81", "11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71 81");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41 51 61 71", "11 11 11 11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71");
        testRemoveDuplicates("11 21 31 41 51 61 71", "11 21 31 41 41 41 41 41 51 51 61 71");
        testRemoveDuplicates("-81 -71 -61 -51 -41 -31 -21 -11", "-81 -81 -81 -81 -71 -61 -51 -51 -51 -51 -41 -41 -31 -21 -11 -11 -11");
        StdOut.println("Finished tests");
    }

    /* Test functions --- lot's of similar code! */
    private static void testMinValue(double expected, String list) {
        double[] aList = doublesFromString(list);
        double actual = minValue(aList);
        if (!Arrays.equals(aList, doublesFromString(list))) {
            StdOut.format("Failed minValue([%s]): Array modified\n", list);
        }
        if (expected != actual) {
            StdOut.format("Failed minValue([%s]): Expecting (%.1f) Actual (%.1f)\n", list, expected, actual);
        }
    }

    private static void testMinPosition(int expected, String list) {
        double[] aList = doublesFromString(list);
        int actual = minPosition(aList);
        if (!Arrays.equals(aList, doublesFromString(list))) {
            StdOut.format("Failed minPosition([%s]): Array modified\n", list);
        }
        if (expected != actual) {
            StdOut.format("Failed minPosition([%s]): Expecting (%d) Actual (%d)\n", list, expected, actual);
        }
    }

    private static void testDistanceBetweenMinAndMax(int expected, String list) {
        double[] aList = doublesFromString(list);
        int actual = distanceBetweenMinAndMax(aList);
        if (!Arrays.equals(aList, doublesFromString(list))) {
            StdOut.format("Failed distanceBetweenMinAndMax([%s]): Array modified\n", list);
        }
        if (expected != actual) {
            StdOut.format("Failed distanceBetweenMinAndMax([%s]): Expecting (%d) Actual (%d)\n", list, expected, actual);
        }
    }

    private static void testAllSame(boolean expected, String list) {
        double[] aList = doublesFromString(list);
        boolean actual = allSame(aList);
        if (!Arrays.equals(aList, doublesFromString(list))) {
            StdOut.format("Failed allSame([%s]): Array modified\n", list);
        }
        if (expected != actual) {
            StdOut.format("Failed allSame([%s]): Expecting (%b) Actual (%b)\n", list, expected, actual);
        }
    }

    private static void testNumUnique(int expected, String list) {
        double[] aList = doublesFromString(list);
        int actual = numUnique(aList);
        if (!Arrays.equals(aList, doublesFromString(list))) {
            StdOut.format("Failed numUnique([%s]): Array modified\n", list);
        }
        if (expected != actual) {
            StdOut.format("Failed numUnique([%s]): Expecting (%d) Actual (%d)\n", list, expected, actual);
        }
    }

    private static void testRemoveDuplicates(String expected, String list) {
        double[] aList = doublesFromString(list);
        double[] actual = removeDuplicates(aList);
        if (!Arrays.equals(aList, doublesFromString(list))) {
            StdOut.format("Failed removeDuplicates([%s]): Array modified\n", list);
        }
        double[] aExpected = doublesFromString(expected);
        // != does not do what we want on arrays
        if (!Arrays.equals(aExpected, actual)) {
            StdOut.format("Failed removeDuplicates([%s]): Expecting (%s) Actual (%s)\n", list, Arrays.toString(aExpected), Arrays.toString(actual));
        }
    }


    /* A utility function to create an array of doubles from a string. */
    // The string should include a list of numbers, separated by single spaces.
    private static double[] doublesFromString(String s) {
        if ("".equals(s)) return new double[0]; // empty array is a special case
        String[] nums = s.split(" ");
        double[] result = new double[nums.length];
        for (int i = nums.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            try {
                result[i] = Double.parseDouble(nums[i]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Bad argument \"%s\": could not parse \"%s\" as a double", s, nums[i]));
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}