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// Exercise 1.5.13
package algs15;
import java.util.Arrays;
import stdlib.*;
/* **************************************************************************
 *  Compilation:  javac WeightedQuickUnionPathCompressionUF.java
 *  Execution:  java WeightedQuickUnionPathCompressionUF < input.txt
 *  Dependencies: StdIn.java StdOut.java
 *
 *  Weighted quick-union with path compression.
 *
 *  % java WeightedQuickUnionPathCompressionUF < largeUF.txt
 *  WeightedQuickUnionPathCompressionUF # components: 6 [4.375000]
 *
 ****************************************************************************/

public class XWeightedCompressionUF implements UF {
  private final int[] id;    // id[i] = parent of i
  private final int[] sz;    // sz[i] = number of objects in subtree rooted at i
  private int count;   // number of components

  // Create an empty union find data structure with N isolated sets.
  public XWeightedCompressionUF(int N) {
    count = N;
    id = new int[N];
    sz = new int[N];
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
      id[i] = i;
      sz[i] = 1;
    }
  }

  // Return the number of disjoint sets.
  public int count() {
    return count;
  }


  // Are objects p and q in the same set?
  public boolean connected(int p, int q) {
    return find(p) == find(q);
  }
  
  // Return component identifier for component containing p
  public int find(int p) {
    int root = p;
    while (root != id[root])
      root = id[root];
    while (id[p] != root) {
      int newp = id[p];
      id[p] = root;
      if (TestUF.SHOW_COMPRESSION_STEPS) { StdOut.format("%2d %2d> %2d%s\n", p, root, this.count(), this); toGraphviz(); }
      p = newp;
    }
    return root;
  }

  // Replace sets containing p and q with their union.
  public void union(int p, int q) {
    int pid = find(p);
    int qid = find(q);
    if (pid == qid) return;

    // make smaller root point to larger one
    // in the case of a tie, p is the champion
    if   (sz[pid] < sz[qid]) { id[pid] = qid; sz[qid] += sz[pid]; }
    else                     { id[qid] = pid; sz[pid] += sz[qid]; }
    count--;
  }

  public String toString() { return Arrays.toString (id); }
  public void toGraphviz() { GraphvizBuilder.ufToFile (id); }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    boolean print = true;
    StdIn.fromFile ("data/tinyUF.txt"); 
    //StdIn.fromFile ("data/mediumUF.txt"); print = false;
    //StdIn.fromFile ("data/largeUF.txt"); print = false;

    int N = StdIn.readInt();
    XWeightedCompressionUF uf = new XWeightedCompressionUF(N);
    if (print) { uf.toGraphviz(); StdOut.println("   : " + uf); }

    // read in a sequence of pairs of integers (each in the range 0 to N-1),
    // calling find() for each pair: If the members of the pair are not already
    // call union() and print the pair.
    Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch ();
    while (!StdIn.isEmpty()) {
      int p = StdIn.readInt();
      int q = StdIn.readInt();
      if (uf.connected(p, q)) continue;
      uf.union(p, q);
      if (print) { StdOut.println(p + " " + q + ": " + uf); uf.toGraphviz(); }
    }
    StdOut.format("XWeightedCompressionUF # components: %d [%f]", uf.count(), sw.elapsedTime ());
  }

}