001// Exercise 4.4.2 (Solution published at http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/)
002package algs44;
003import stdlib.*;
004import algs13.Bag;
005import algs13.Stack;
006/**
007 *  The {@code EdgeWeightedDigraph} class represents an directed graph of vertices
008 *  named 0 through V-1, where each edge has a real-valued weight.
009 *  It supports the following operations: add an edge to the graph,
010 *  iterate over all of edges leaving a vertex.
011 *  Parallel edges and self-loops are permitted.
012 *  <p>
013 *  For additional documentation, see <a href="http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/44sp">Section 4.4</a> of
014 *  <i>Algorithms, 4th Edition</i> by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
015 */
016
017public class EdgeWeightedDigraph {
018        private final int V;
019        private int E;
020        private final Bag<DirectedEdge>[] adj;
021
022        /**
023         * Create an empty edge-weighted digraph with V vertices.
024         */
025        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
026        public EdgeWeightedDigraph(int V) {
027                if (V < 0) throw new Error("Number of vertices must be nonnegative");
028                this.V = V;
029                this.E = 0;
030                adj = new Bag[V];
031                for (int v = 0; v < V; v++)
032                        adj[v] = new Bag<>();
033        }
034
035        /**
036         * Create a random edge-weighted graph with V vertices and E edges with no parallel edges or self loops.
037         * The expected running time is proportional to V + E.
038         */
039        public EdgeWeightedDigraph(int V, int E) { this (V, E, false); }
040        /**
041         * Create a random edge-weighted graph with V vertices and E edges.
042         * The expected running time is proportional to V + E.
043         */
044        public EdgeWeightedDigraph(int V, int E, boolean allowParallelEdgesAndSelfLoops) {
045                this(V);
046                if (E < 0) throw new Error("Number of edges must be nonnegative");
047                if (allowParallelEdgesAndSelfLoops) {
048                        for (int i = 0; i < E; i++) {
049                                int v = (int) (Math.random() * V);
050                                int w = (int) (Math.random() * V);
051                                double weight = Math.round(100 * Math.random()) / 100.0;
052                                DirectedEdge e = new DirectedEdge(v, w, weight);
053                                addEdge(e);
054                        }
055                } else {
056                        if (E > V*(V-1)/2) throw new Error("Number of edges must be less than V*(V-1)/2");
057                        newEdge: while (E>0) {
058                                int v = (int) (Math.random() * V);
059                                int w = (int) (Math.random() * V);
060                                if (v == w) continue;
061                                for (DirectedEdge e: adj[v])
062                                        if (w == e.to())
063                                                continue newEdge;
064                                double weight = Math.round(100 * Math.random()) / 100.0;
065                                DirectedEdge e = new DirectedEdge(v, w, weight);
066                                addEdge(e);
067                                E--;
068                        }
069                }
070        }
071        /**
072         * Create an edge-weighted digraph from input stream.
073         */
074        public EdgeWeightedDigraph(In in) {
075                this(in.readInt());
076                int E = in.readInt();
077                for (int i = 0; i < E; i++) {
078                        int v = in.readInt();
079                        int w = in.readInt();
080                        double weight = in.readDouble();
081                        addEdge(new DirectedEdge(v, w, weight));
082                }
083        }
084
085        /**
086         * Copy constructor.
087         */
088        public EdgeWeightedDigraph(EdgeWeightedDigraph G) {
089                this(G.V());
090                this.E = G.E();
091                for (int v = 0; v < G.V(); v++) {
092                        // reverse so that adjacency list is in same order as original
093                        Stack<DirectedEdge> reverse = new Stack<>();
094                        for (DirectedEdge e : G.adj[v]) {
095                                reverse.push(e);
096                        }
097                        for (DirectedEdge e : reverse) {
098                                adj[v].add(e);
099                        }
100                }
101        }
102
103        /**
104         * Return the number of vertices in this digraph.
105         */
106        public int V() {
107                return V;
108        }
109
110        /**
111         * Return the number of edges in this digraph.
112         */
113        public int E() {
114                return E;
115        }
116
117
118        /**
119         * Add the edge e to this digraph.
120         */
121        public void addEdge(DirectedEdge e) {
122                int v = e.from();
123                adj[v].add(e);
124                E++;
125        }
126
127
128        /**
129         * Return the edges leaving vertex v as an Iterable.
130         * To iterate over the edges leaving vertex v, use foreach notation:
131         * {@code for (DirectedEdge e : graph.adj(v))}.
132         */
133        public Iterable<DirectedEdge> adj(int v) {
134                return adj[v];
135        }
136
137        /**
138         * Return all edges in this graph as an Iterable.
139         * To iterate over the edges, use foreach notation:
140         * {@code for (DirectedEdge e : graph.edges())}.
141         */
142        public Iterable<DirectedEdge> edges() {
143                Bag<DirectedEdge> list = new Bag<>();
144                for (int v = 0; v < V; v++) {
145                        for (DirectedEdge e : adj(v)) {
146                                list.add(e);
147                        }
148                }
149                return list;
150        }
151
152        /**
153         * Return number of edges leaving v.
154         */
155        public int outdegree(int v) {
156                return adj[v].size();
157        }
158
159
160
161        /**
162         * Return a string representation of this graph.
163         */
164        public String toString() {
165                String NEWLINE = System.getProperty("line.separator");
166                StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
167                s.append(V + " " + E + NEWLINE);
168                for (int v = 0; v < V; v++) {
169                        s.append(v + ": ");
170                        for (DirectedEdge e : adj[v]) {
171                                s.append(e + "  ");
172                        }
173                        s.append(NEWLINE);
174                }
175                return s.toString();
176        }
177
178        /**
179         * Save a graphviz representation of the graph.
180         * See <a href="http://www.graphviz.org/">graphviz.org</a>.
181         */
182        public void toGraphviz(String filename) {
183                GraphvizBuilder gb = new GraphvizBuilder ();
184                for (int v = 0; v < V; v++) {
185                        gb.addNode (v);
186                        for (DirectedEdge e : adj[v]) {
187                                int w = e.to();
188                                gb.addLabeledEdge (v, w, e.weight ());
189                        }
190                }
191                gb.toFile (filename);
192        }
193
194        /**
195         * Test client.
196         */
197        public static void main(String[] args) {
198                //args = new String [] { "data/tinyEWDAG.txt" };
199                //args = new String [] { "data/tinyEWD.txt" };
200                //args = new String [] { "data/tinyEWDn.txt" };
201                //args = new String [] { "data/tinyEWDnc.txt" };
202                args = new String [] { "20", "20" };
203
204                EdgeWeightedDigraph G;
205                if (args.length == 1) {
206                        In in = new In(args[0]);
207                        G = new EdgeWeightedDigraph(in);
208                } else {
209                        int V = Integer.parseInt (args[0]);
210                        int E = Integer.parseInt (args[1]);
211                        G = new EdgeWeightedDigraph(V, E, false);
212                }
213                StdOut.println(G);
214                G.toGraphviz ("g.png");
215        }
216
217}